Why does my lower back hurt during periods?

What hormones cause lower back pain?

According to the Virginia Spine Institute, lower back pain during menstruation is usually caused by prostaglandins - hormones released during the menstrual cycle to promote uterine contraction and shed the uterine lining.

What causes lower back pain in females?

• Menstrual cramps: Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation can cause uterine contractions, resulting in lower back pain.
• Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain can also cause lower back pain during menstruation, particularly in females with pelvic instability.
• Pelvic instability: Weak or unstable pelvic muscles and joints can contribute to lower back pain during menstruation.
• Stress and anxiety: Stress and anxiety can exacerbate lower back pain during menstruation, particularly in females with menstrual-related anxiety and stress.
• Poor posture: Bad posture can contribute to lower back pain during menstruation, particularly in females who spend long periods sitting or standing, or in activities that require intense physical labour.
• Lack of sleep: Poor sleep habits such as sleeping on a firm mattress or with a pillow that's too flat or too high, can contribute to lower back pain during menstruation.
• Heavy menstrual cycles: Menstrual cycles that are particularly heavy or intense can put additional pressure on the lower back and contribute to lower back pain during menstruation.
• Abnormal Uterine Contraction: When the uterus contracts at a rate higher than necessary to expel the uterine lining, it can cause cramps. The pain from cramps can radiate to the lower back, leading to discomfort and soreness.

Also read - Can you use metronidazole gel while on your period?

Gynaecological Disorders causing lower back pain during periods

• Endometriosis - When the uterine tissue which grows outside the uterus and wraps around other organs like the ovaries and fallopian tubes, it can cause severe pain during menstruation as the endometrial lining sheds. In rare cases, this abnormal growth of uterine tissue can reach the lower parts of the spine, causing sharp and intense back pain. 
• Uterine fibroids - These are noncancerous growths inside or on the walls of the uterus which can cause pain during menstruation. Different people experience a different range of symptoms with uterine fibroids, and the condition can be benign in some cases. Fibroids tend to go away on their own without treatment, but you should contact your doctor if it causes you intense pain.

• Adenomyosis - This condition is similar to endometriosis, as it involves abnormal growth of uterine lining extending into the muscular wall of the uterus, which can cause pain and heavy bleeding during menstruation. Adenomyosis is diagnosed through a pelvic exam as the uterus is likely to feel more enlarged.

Why does my back injury hurt more during periods?

If you have a back condition or injury, your pain levels may increase during menstruation. This occurs as the high number of prostaglandins in your uterus release inflammatory chemicals which can further aggravate your back pain, as well as cause more back pain from the lining of the uterus.

For treatment options, it's recommended to discuss with your doctor whether you can improve your back’s condition through medication and physical therapy, or use painkillers during your periods.

Also read - Best exercises during periods

What are some lifestyle changes and modifications that can help prevent lower back pain during a period?

• Practice proper posture: Maintain proper posture while sitting, standing, or walking to support your spine and prevent lower back pain.
• Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can help strengthen muscles and reduce back pain. Consider gentle exercises like walking, swimming, or yoga.
• Get enough sleep: Lack of sleep can contribute to back pain, so prioritise getting 7-8 hours of sleep each night.
• Avoid lifting or bending too often: Avoid regular activities that require bending, lifting, or twisting, as they can aggravate lower back pain.
• Use a supportive chair or mattress: Make sure your workspace and sleeping surface support your back and reduce pressure on your spine.
• Use a hot or cold compress: Applying heat or cold to your lower back can help reduce inflammation and relieve lower back pain.
• Practice relaxation techniques: Stress and anxiety can exacerbate back pain, so consider incorporating relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or mindfulness exercises into your daily routine.
• Limit or avoid caffeine: Caffeine can increase stress and inflammation, which can worsen lower back pain. Consider limiting or avoiding caffeine during periods.

What self-care techniques can help manage lower back pain during a period?

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water during your period to reduce discomfort and prevent cramping.
• Try anti-inflammatory foods: Consider incorporating turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon into your diet to help relieve pain and inflammation.
• Incorporate calcium-rich foods: Calcium-rich foods like dairy products, fortified milk, and leafy greens can support healthy bones and help with cramping during menstruation.
• Massages: Opt for a gentle massage around the lower back region to help alleviate cramping and soreness.
• Roll-Ons: Herbal Roll-ons contain essential oils that help soothe cramped muscles around your back region.
• Sex : Having sex/masturbation can put you at ease as orgasms help relieve period cramps as they cause the uterine muscles to contract and then release

Also read - Why am I so horny during periods?

Does acupressure help for lower back pain during periods?

Yes. Combined treatments of acupressure and acupuncture are used to apply pressure to distinct parts of the body to reduce pain and assist healing and recovery. 

While the treatment is part of alternative medicine as the science is still inconclusive, it’s a low risk option you can opt for if lifestyle and dietary changes have not worked in your favour.

When to consult a doctor regarding period back pain?

If you have severe or persistent period pain, see a doctor. Seek medical attention if you experience heavy bleeding, fever, or difficulty using the restroom. Also, consult a healthcare professional if you have sudden or worsening pain, or suspect an underlying condition like endometriosis. 

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